A beautiful centerpiece overflowing with white lisianthus grown at Love 'n Fresh Flowers in Philadelphia.  Learn five tricks for growing lisianthus on your flower farm!

I first wrote a post about tips for growing lisianthus in 2015.  That post has since become the most popular one on the blog… actually the top hit for the entire website!  And I hear repeatedly from new flower growers about how they’ve found that original post to be so helpful as they tackle growing lisianthus themselves.  But I’ve fine-tuned our lisianthus production here at our farm even more over the past three growing seasons.  So an update to that original post seems in order! The text that follows is a mix of old and new.  Happy growing!

When I first started designing for weddings, nearly every couple asked me for roses. My first season as a farmer florist (way back in 2009), I stuttered a good bit, trying to explain how I didn’t have them because they are very challenging to grow organically in our climate. I didn’t mention that I also happen to strongly dislike roses. Too much fuss, and I hate those thorns! However, I realized pretty quickly that I needed to have a good alternative to offer if I was going to be successful as a wedding florist. Enter growing lisianthus – a far superior rose!

Lisianthus hung as a fresh floral curtain at a wedding.  Lisianthus hold up incredibly well out of water, which is one reason every farmer florist should be growing lisianthus!

I remember attending my very first ASCFG conference and listening to experienced growers debate the merits and shortcomings of growing lisianthus. I got the decided impression that, while gorgeous and long-lasting in the vase, they were hard to grow.  So when I started growing lisianthus myself, I was so surprised at how easy they were!! Lisianthus have consistently been one of our top crops over the years in terms of quantities and profitability, second only to the dahlias.  With all the new flower growers out there, especially farmer florists, in their first few seasons at the moment, it seems like a great time to demystify this crop that really is ridiculously easy to grow with a few tried-and-true tricks up your sleeve.

It is important to note that all our lisianthus at Love ‘n Fresh Flowers are grown in the field. You do not need a greenhouse or tunnel to grow beautiful lisianthus!  However, many growers do grow them under protective cover in areas that receive a lot of rain and/or do not have particularly hot summers.  When it comes time to flower in the summer, lisianthus like it dry and hot for best quality of blooms.  They originated as a prairie wildflower so that gives you a clue about what conditions they prefer.   Fun fact: lisianthus are native to the United States!

Lisianthus growing at Love 'n Fresh Flowers in Philadelphia.  Learn five tricks for making them easy to grow over on our blog!

Five Tricks to Growing Lisianthus in the Field

1. Plant Early

Just about everyone knows how slow growing lisianthus are. If you don’t, you’ll soon find out with your first crop. What is maybe less common knowledge is how cold/frost tolerant lisianthus are since these blooms are often associated with the high heat of summer. While the plants love the heat to throw up their flouncy blooms, they actually also love cool temperatures for putting on root growth, which is what ultimately supports tall and bountiful harvests.

As such, we are religious about putting our lisianthus in the ground, out in the field, on April 1st each year, regardless of the spring conditions. That’s about 2 weeks before our average last frost.  The tiny rosettes hug the ground and therefore are pretty well protected against freezing and frost. If the weather is particularly nasty, we will cover them with a layer of frost blanket, but that’s rare. 

Lisianthus ABC 3-4 White grown at Love 'n Fresh Flowers in Philadelphia.  If you're a flower farmer or farmer florist growing lisianthus, be sure to check out these five tips for fantastic field-grown lisianthus!

UPDATED: The spring of 2018 was an incredibly wet one and we lost quite a number of our lisianthus to rot at an early stage.  Moving forward, we’ll have short wire hoops over the newly planted lisianthus with a layer of plastic at the ready to shield them from heavy rain until they have their root systems well-established.  The plastic will always come off on nice days as we don’t want to get the young lisianthus hot in the spring, but we do need to do something about all the rain!

To get them in the ground April 1st, we make sure to talk to our plug broker in November so the plug grower has enough time to get our plugs going. While we historically have grown 99% of what we have at the farm from seed ourselves, lisianthus is the one crop that I will never bother to grow from seed again (I did for my first season, but never again). Instead, we get our plugs from our supplier the last week of February or the first week of March in 210s and typically bump them up to two inch soil blocks or #72 trays as soon as we get them and grow on in those for a month until planting out.  If you do not have a greenhouse, you could order the #128 tray size to arrive right before you are ready to plant and put them directly in the ground. 

This early planting date gives the plants plenty of time to put on growth before the heat of summer and also gives them a bit of an edge over those tenacious summer weeds.

Lisianthus Echo Lavender in a purple and silver wedding centerpiece at Love 'n Fresh Flowers in Philadelphia.  Learn about growing lisianthus at your flower farm and five tricks for making them an easier and more profitable crop!

UPDATED:  I’ve gotten asked a lot about where to source lisianthus plugs.  We get ours from Gro ‘n Sell based just 20 minutes away from us here in Pennsylvania.  They always grow incredibly high-quality plugs and are committed to using sustainable practices, particularly IPM, whenever they can.  We place our orders through Farmer Bailey’s site, but there are several other brokers who can help you place your order if you’re already working with one (i.e., Rakers, Gloeckner, Harris, etc).  Please note, this is a wholesale grower/broker situation that we are using.  So to do the same, you’ll need to have a business license to set up an account and be willing to order several hundred plants.  We typically order about 1500-2000 lisianthus plugs each season from Gro ‘n Sell. 

If you are a home gardener interested in growing lisianthus, you’ll have better luck looking in your local community for an outstanding, independent garden center and asking them if they carry lisianthus.  If they don’t, you might want to tell them about this blog so you can start growing lisianthus too!

Lisianthus Arena Apricot growng at Love 'n Fresh Flowers in Philadelphia.

2. Weed Management

Speaking of summer weeds, if you’re going to grow lisianthus, you need to have a serious weed management game plan in place for them! Because these plants stay small for several months and the leaves are at the base as a low-growing rosette, aggressive weeds will quickly overtake plants and smother them. Creepers like crabgrass are particularly tough when growing lisianthus.   

Lisiathus is a high value crop worth investing in so I gladly pay for a plastic mat system called FloraFlow  that comes with uniform pre-punched holes that are only two inches in diameter so there’s very little room for weeds to grow up though the holes. It also keeps the lisianthus cropping system very tidy and efficiently spaced as a whole so we can fit a lot of plants into a small amount of space.  You can space lisianthus plants as close at 3” on center.  When we’re really tight for space, we even put two plants per whole and they still seem to produce well (enough). 

But plastic is not a silver bullet for weeds. We make weeding the lisianthus top priority around the farm. It’s much easier on us and better for the crop if we weed early and often rather than waiting until the situation is dire and we pull up as many young lisianthus as we do weeds. So put some reminders on your calendar to get those lisianthus weeded at least every two weeks if you have decent weed pressure at your farm. Make sure to water well immediately after each weeding so that the delicate roots get re-settled into the ground.

Lisianthus Apricot Falda grown at Love 'n Fresh Flowers, a flower farm in Philadelphia.  Learn five key tricks to growing lisianthus in this blog post.

3. Watering and Feeding

When prepping the lisianthus beds in the spring, we amend them with compost, cotton seed meal and green potash. We have a really nice loamy clay soil at our farm that the lisianthus love because it holds water and nutrients well, but does not stay wet. I suspect that growing this crop in sandy soils or heavy clay might be more challenging, but I don’t have experience with that.

After planting, we do a weekly foliar spray of an emulsified mix of fish powder, bat guano, and kelp powder.  This seems to be a good balance feed to keep the lisianthus healthy while they put on their roots through the early months.

Lisianthus Doublini Pink growing at Philadelphia flower farm, Love 'n Fresh Flowers.

UPDATED: If you are using a similar foliar application as we do, it’s best to spray right after the lisianthus are weeded so you are not also spray/feeding the weeds and shooting yourself in the foot.  We only spray the plants when they are not flowering.  Once the lisianthus have developed plump buds, we stop spraying since the blooms get discolored if any of the spray gets onto them.

Also, it’s important to use drip irrigation when growing lisianthus. The flowers do not like getting wet and are prone to spotting and/or molding if you water overhead with a sprinkler or hose.  For this reason, it’s also important to keep an eye on the forecast when your lisianthus are in bud.  If a heavy rain is coming the next day, it’s best to get those lisianthus harvested the evening before so the blooms don’t get saturated!

Lisianthus ABC 3-4 White grown at Love 'n Fresh Flowers, a flower farm in Philadelphia.  Learn five great tricks for growing lisianthus on the blog.

4. Variety Selection

UPDATED: Before you start drooling over every cool lisianthus photo on Pinterest, think carefully about who’s going to be buying from you. We use all our lisianthus “in house” here at Love ‘n Fresh, mostly for weddings and occasionally for straight bunches sold through our grocery store accounts and in our CSA bouquets. As such, we have the luxury of being able to grow some of the shorter varieties that hold up better to bad storms and do not need netting. We also grow some of the oddball colors like Roseanne Brown and Doublini that work well for weddings but would not pass mustard in retail.

If you are selling wholesale to florists, you will be expected to grow the taller varieties since stem length (sadly, in my opinion) means more money.  If you are selling to florists, I would stick with the ABC series and then try just a few specialty varieties like Roseanne Brown and Coreli Light Pink until you see exactly what your florists want. 

An autumn centerpiece featuring Lisianthus Corelli Light Pink and Lisianthus Arena Apricot.  Grown and designed by Love 'n Fresh Flowers, a flower farm in Philadelphia.  Learn more about growing lisianthus  by clicking through.

If you’re selling mostly at a farmer’s market, you should avoid Roseanne Brown because all your customers are going to think it looks dead (and frankly, it does).  I’ve always found that the brighter/saturated colors of lisianthus sell best at market, so stick with bright pinks, deep purples, and maybe try a few Roseanne Green if you want to spice it up a bit.  But, really, steer clear of anything too “funky”.  Farmers market customers generally aren’t interested in funky; they want easy, fun, cheerful bouquets.   

Something to also consider when choosing lisianthus varieties is if you want to net them in the field or not. I’m going to be honest: I hate netting. We’ve completely stopped using it at our farm at this point.  It’s expensive, both to purchase and to put up every season (mucho woman hours) and it makes harvesting so much slower and often a bit wasteful with all the broken stems, especially when it comes to brittle lisianthus. So we’ve been net-free on our lisianthus for five seasons now. This means that some old favorites have been given the boot (ABC 3-4 Pink, I’m looking at you) and a lot of new varieties have been trialed specifically to find out if they’ll stay upright on their own, even in our wicked summer storms here in the Mid-Atlantic. Some varieties that have done particularly well for us without netting are ABC 3-4 White, Falda Salmon, the Echo series, Arena Apricot, Corelli Light Pink, the Doublini series, and the Rosanne series.

Lisianthus Doublini White is a petite bloom perfect for any farmer florist making personal flowers for weddings.  Learn how to grow great lisianthus over on the Love 'n Fresh Flowers blog!

Like snapdragons, lisianthus are segmented into bloom-time categories so you will sometimes see numbers associated with variety names (i.e., ABC 3-4 White). Also like snapdragons, I have found that attempting to “program” blooms in the field is much harder than it would be in a greenhouse, which is where that number system were developed. Inevitably, your lisianthus are going to bloom pretty much all at once when field grown, even if you did try to succession plant them for staggered bloom times. Be prepared for this with a sales outlet eager to buy them as soon as you pick them.

A note on storing cut lisianthus:  They do not like a cold cooler.  In my experience, it’s best to store them around 42-48 degrees if possible.  They resent being much below 40, and if given a choice, I’d rather leave them out in the shade of a tree or in a cool basement instead of a cooler below 40.  If stored properly, we can generally keep them in the cooler for up to 2 weeks until we use them in our floral designs for weddings.  I would say storing them for a week in a cooler is still fine for selling them at farmers markets or to florists.  So if you have a sales outlet ready in a week but you see big storms rolling through soon, get out there and pick those lisianthus and store them rather than letting them on the plants to get hit with heavy rain!

Lisianthus Echo Lavender grown at Love 'n Fresh Flowers, a flower farm in Philadelphia.  Learn about growing lisianthus in this blog post.

5. Second Flush

Assuming you were diligent in getting your plugs into the ground in early April, in the Mid-Atlantic area (we are zone 7 here) there is a long enough growing season to get a very nice second flush off of your lisianthus, usually sometime in early to mid-September. The first major bloom happens in mid-July. But this second flush is particularly welcomed at our farm since it’s perfectly timed for our very full autumn wedding season!

To get a good second flush, you need to do a few important tasks. First, when you harvest the first flush of blooms in July, make sure you are cutting the plants back almost to the base. Do not leave stumps of stems that will just result in weak secondary growth.

Lisianthus Doublini Pink used in an adorable groom's boutonniere by Love 'n Fresh Flowers, a flower farm in Philadelphia.  Learn five tricks for growing lisianthus by clicking through.

Once you’ve gleaned all of your first flush of blooms, take time to thoroughly weed the bed, irrigate, and fertilize, ideally all on the same day. This gives the plants a huge boost and the signal to go ahead and put energy back into putting on new growth instead of shutting down. Then remember to be diligent about weeding every week or so thereafter. At our farm, we have to battle the crabgrass in particular in late July when it’s rampant.

Remember to keep your lisianthus irrigated while it puts on this new growth in the heat of late summer, especially every time after you weed. As the plants grow for the second flush, we return to our weekly foliar applications, which really helps those new stems get taller. Any and all TLC you can give the lisianthus while they put out the second growth will result in taller and more plentiful blooms in September.

Lisianthus ABC White used in a late autumn all-white bridal bouquet grown and designed by Love 'n Fresh Flowers in Philadelphia.

So, what do you think?  Will you be growing lisianthus this season?  I hope I’ve help make them much more approachable!  And you can find out a lot more advice about growing lisianthus and every other flower by joining the Association of Specialty Cut Flower Growers, an amazingly generous group of professional flower farmers who are happy to share advice!  

For more flower farming tips, be sure to check out this past post on Growing Ranunculus and Anemones in Zone 6b/7 or this previous post about my Five Favorite Native Perennials for Cutting.

Five Tricks for Growing Lisianthus, an important bloom for farmer florists and flower farmers.  Learn more on the Love 'n Fresh Flowers blog!